| VTU NOTES | |
|---|---|
|
Subject code |
BPHYE102/202 |
|
Semester |
1st/2nd |
Quantum Mechanics: de Broglie Hypothesis and Matter Waves, de Broglie wavelength and derivation of expression by analogy, Phase Velocity and Group Velocity, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its application (Non-Existence of electron inside the nucleus-Non Relativistic), Principle of Complementarity, Wave Function, Time independent Schrödinger wave equation, Physical Significance of a wave function and Born Interpretation, Expectation value, Eigen functions and Eigen Values, Particle inside one dimensional infinite potential well, Waveforms and Probabilities. Numerical Problems
Pre-requisite: Wave-particle dualism
Electrical Properties of Solids:Conductors: Quantum Free Electron Theory of Metals: Assumptions, Fermi-energy, Fermi factor, Variation of Fermi Factor with Temperature and Energy, Mention of expression for electrical conductivity. Dielectric Properties: Polar and non-polar dielectrics, Electrical Polarization Mechanisms, internal fields in solids, Clausius-Mossotti equation (Derivation), Solid, Liquid and Gaseous dielectrics. Application of dielectrics in transformers, Capacitors, Electrical Insulation. Numerical Problems. Superconductivity: Introduction to Superconductors, Temperature dependence of resistivity, Meissner Effect, Critical Field, Temperature dependence of Critical field, Types of Super Conductors, BCS theory (Qualitative), High Temperature superconductivity, SQUID, MAGLEV, Numerical problems.
Pre-requisites: Classical Free Electron Theory
Lasers and Optical Fibers: Lasers: Characteristics of LASER, Interaction of radiation with matter, Expression for Energy Density and its significance. Requisites of a Laser System. Conditions for Laser action. Principle, Construction and Working of Carbon Dioxide Laser. Application of Lasers in Defense (Laser range finder) and Laser Printing. Numerical Problems Optical Fibers: Total Internal Reflection, Propagation mechanism, Angle of Acceptance, Numerical Aperture, Fractional Index Change, Modes of Propagation, Number of Modes and V Number, Types of Optical Fibers. Attenuation and Mention of Expression for Attenuation coefficient, Attenuation Spectrum of an Optical Fiber with Optical Windows. Discussion of Block Diagram of Point-to-Point Communication, Intensity-based Fiber Optic Displacement Sensor, Merits and Demerits, and Numerical problems.
Pre-requisite: Properties of light
Maxwell’s Equations and EM waves: Maxwell’s Equations: Fundamentals of Vector Calculus. Divergence and Curl of Electric field and Magnetic field(static), Gauss’ divergence theorem and Stoke’s theorem. Description of laws of Electrostatics, Magnetism, Faraday’s laws of EMI, Current Density, Equation of Continuity, Displacement Current (with derivation), Maxwell’s equations in vacuum, Numerical Problems EM Waves: The wave equation in differential form in free space (Derivation of the equation using Maxwell’s equations), Plane Electromagnetic Waves in vacuum, their transverse nature.
Pre-requisite: Electricity & Magnetism
Semiconductors and Devices: Fermi level in Intrinsic & Extrinsic Semiconductor, Expression for concentration of electrons in conduction band & holes concentration in valance band (only mention the expression), Relation between Fermi energy & Energy gap in intrinsic semiconductors(derivation), Law of mass action, Electrical conductivity of a semiconductor (derivation), Hall effect, Expression for Hall coefficient (derivation) and its application. Photo-diode and Power responsivity, Construction and working of Semiconducting Laser, Four probe method to determine resistivity, Phototransistor, Numerical problems.
Pre-requisite: Basics of Semiconductors